Kandy, Sri Lanka: A Cultural and Historical Gem

Nestled in the central highlands of Sri Lanka, Kandy is one of the country’s most iconic cities, rich in cultural, historical, and natural beauty. Often referred to as the cultural capital of Sri Lanka, Kandy is renowned for its stunning landscapes, historical significance, and the famous Temple of the Tooth Relic. This article will explore the multifaceted allure of Kandy, from its historical landmarks to its vibrant traditions, making it a must-visit destination for travelers and history enthusiasts alike.

Geography and Climate

Kandy is located approximately 115 kilometers (71 miles) northeast of Colombo, Sri Lanka’s capital, and is the second-largest city in the country. Situated at an elevation of about 500 meters (1,640 feet) above sea level, Kandy is surrounded by lush greenery, rolling hills, and pristine lakes, making it one of the most picturesque cities in Sri Lanka. The city’s climate is typically tropical, with cooler temperatures compared to the lowlands, due to its altitude.

Historical Significance

Kandy has a rich historical and cultural heritage that dates back to ancient times. It was the last capital of the Sri Lankan kings and served as the center of the Sinhala monarchy from 1592 until the British conquest in 1815. The city’s strategic location, surrounded by mountains, made it a stronghold during Sri Lanka’s tumultuous history, particularly during the colonial era.

In 1815, the Kingdom of Kandy was ceded to the British after the signing of the Kandyan Convention. Despite this, Kandy remained a symbol of Sri Lankan national pride and resistance against colonial rule. The city’s history is still alive in its many historical buildings, temples, and monuments.

The Temple of the Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa)

Perhaps the most famous landmark in Kandy, the Temple of the Tooth Relic (Sri Dalada Maligawa) is one of the most important Buddhist sites in the world. The temple houses a relic of the Buddha’s tooth, which is considered to be one of the holiest and most revered relics in the Buddhist faith.

The temple’s architectural beauty, combined with its spiritual significance, draws thousands of pilgrims and tourists every year. The sacred tooth relic is displayed to the public during the annual Esala Perahera, a grand procession that takes place every August, featuring traditional dancers, drummers, and elephants, in honor of the relic.

Cultural Heritage and Traditions

Kandy is home to numerous cultural festivals, with the Esala Perahera being the most famous. This colorful festival, which has been celebrated for over 400 years, combines religious rituals, traditional music, and dance, showcasing the island’s vibrant cultural diversity. The procession features beautifully adorned elephants, fire-dancing performances, and dancers dressed in traditional Sri Lankan attire.

In addition to the Esala Perahera, Kandy is also known for its traditional arts and crafts. The city is a hub for Sri Lankan handicrafts such as wood carving, batik, and lacework, which are sold in the bustling markets surrounding the city. The Kandyan dance, an ancient form of Sri Lankan classical dance, is another integral part of the city’s cultural identity.

Kandy Lake

In the heart of the city lies Kandy Lake, an artificial lake created in 1807 by King Sri Wickrama Rajasinghe, the last king of Kandy. The lake is a serene spot where visitors can enjoy a leisurely stroll along its banks, take a boat ride, or simply relax and enjoy the natural beauty surrounding the area. The lake is surrounded by lush gardens and offers a peaceful retreat from the hustle and bustle of city life.

Royal Botanical Gardens in Peradeniya

Located just a few kilometers from the city center, the Royal Botanical Gardens in Peradeniya is one of the largest and most beautiful botanical gardens in Sri Lanka. The gardens cover an area of about 147 acres and are home to a vast collection of plants, including orchids, spices, medicinal plants, and tropical trees.

The gardens are a perfect place for nature lovers and provide a calm atmosphere where visitors can explore diverse plant species, take guided tours, or enjoy a picnic amidst the greenery.

Natural Beauty and Adventure

Kandy’s surroundings are a paradise for nature lovers and adventure seekers. The city is located in a mountainous region, providing easy access to scenic hikes, waterfalls, and tea plantations. One of the best ways to explore the area is to take a hike to the top of the Knuckles Mountain Range, a UNESCO World Heritage Site, where visitors can enjoy breathtaking views of the surrounding landscape.

The Udawatta Kele Sanctuary, located near the city, is another natural gem. This forest reserve offers hiking trails through dense jungle, birdwatching opportunities, and the chance to experience Sri Lanka’s unique flora and fauna.

Cuisine

Sri Lankan cuisine is known for its bold flavors, and Kandy offers a variety of traditional dishes. Rice and curry is the staple meal, often accompanied by side dishes such as sambal (spicy salad), chutneys, and pickles. Kandy is also famous for its sweets, especially “Kiri Toffee” and “Kandy’s traditional Aluwa,” which are enjoyed during festive occasions.

Tea is an essential part of Sri Lankan culture, and visitors to Kandy can enjoy fresh, locally-grown Ceylon tea, which is famous for its flavor and quality. There are also numerous tea estates in the surrounding hills where visitors can take guided tours to learn about the tea-making process and sample freshly brewed tea.

Modern Kandy

While Kandy is steeped in tradition and history, it has also adapted to modern-day influences. The city has a growing infrastructure, with numerous hotels, restaurants, and shops catering to tourists. There are modern conveniences such as shopping malls, public transportation, and healthcare facilities, making it a comfortable destination for both local and international visitors.

Kandy’s economy is also bolstered by its tea industry, with many nearby plantations producing some of the best tea in the world. Additionally, Kandy is home to several educational institutions, including the University of Peradeniya, one of the most prestigious universities in Sri Lanka.

Conclusion

Kandy is a city that beautifully blends the old with the new. Its rich cultural and historical heritage, combined with stunning natural landscapes, makes it an unforgettable destination. From the revered Temple of the Tooth Relic to the serene Kandy Lake and the vibrant Esala Perahera, Kandy offers visitors a deep dive into the heart and soul of Sri Lanka.

Whether you’re a history enthusiast, a nature lover, or a cultural explorer, Kandy promises to provide a unique and enriching experience. It’s a place where the past and present coexist, offering a rich tapestry of experiences for anyone lucky enough to visit.